Discrimination based on race, gender, sexual orientation, or socioeconomic status can marginalize individuals, limiting their ability to pursue education, secure meaningful employment, or access healthcare. This may leave little room for self-exploration or personal growth. Social bias can undermine self-esteem and therefore mental well-being, leading to feelings of powerlessness. These barriers prevent individuals from self-actualising. Barriers to self-actualization in counselling can be the difference between counsellor and client. D'Ardenne and Mahtani believed that boundaries were important in a counselling relationship, therefore if a client and a therapist have differences they should be respected. This doesn't mean that the therapist ignores the difference but tries to understand some of it without encroaching on personal boundaries. If we try to learn, rather than offering our point of view it is more likely that understanding of the clients situation will happen. Sanders, 2021 said "When practicing skills in this way, your prime aim is to learn something.”